OK, let's get unconfused on this issue. Going into FF&S, I see: "As indicated above, the base values for hulls assume a spherical shape. As all hulls of the same rate have the same interior volume, hulls in less space-efficient shapes than spheres will have more surface area, greater length, and require more hull material to achieve an equivalent volume. The Hull Form and Configuration Table (pp.12) indicates the various hull forms available and the effects on length and material volume." --- FF&S pp.10 "Note also that the hull form will affect the surface area of the hull. Note at this time how much surface area is available. Surface area is used for the attachment of weapons, sensors, communicators, launch ports, etc. Keep a running record of how much sirface area is used as the ship is designed." --- FF&S pp.11 Unfortunately, the explicit formula for surface area *isn't* included, which makes things confusing. When John Bogan noted the problem, mentioning hull thickness confused the matter even more. Here's my take on the whole thing: Hull Plating: AVmin = (Gmax * 10) where AVmin is the minimum armor value for the hull, and Gmax is the maximum allowable accelleration in Gs Hpv = (AV / Thm) * Mv * Mvm Hpva = (AV / Thm) * Mv * Mvm * 1.3 where Hpv is the hull plating volume (in m^3) Hpva is the hull plating volume (in m^3) for airframe hulls AV is the desired armor value (but not less than AVmin) Thm is the toughness of the selelected hull material Mv is the hull material volume from the Hull Size table Mvm is the MV modifier from the Hull Form & Configuration table Hpm = Hpv * Mhm Hpma = Hpva * Mhm where Hpm is the mass in tonnes of the hull plating Hvm is the hull plating volume in m^3 Mhm is the mass of the selected hull material Hpma is the mass of the hull plating for airframe hulls Hpva isthe hull plating volume in m^3 for airframe hulls Hpc = Hpv * Sm * Phm Hpca = Hpva * Sm * Phm where Hpc is the hull plating cost in MCr Hpv is the hull plating volume in m^3 Sm is the streamlining modifier from Hull Form & Config table Phm is the price of the selected hull material Hpca is the cost in MCr for airframe hulls Hpva is the volume in m^3 for airframe hulls Hsa = Mv * Mvm * 100 Hsaof = Mv * 100 where Hsa is the hull surface area in m^2 Mv is the hull material volume from the Hull Size table Mvm is the MV modifier from the Hull Form & Configuration table Hsaof is the hull surface area in m^2 for open frame hulls Hl = L * Lm where Hl is the hull length in meters L is the length of a spherical hull form the Hull Size table Lm is the length modifier from the Hull Form * Config table Interior Structure: Isv = (Mv * Mvm * Gmax) / Thm where Isv is the interior structure volume in m^3 Mv is the hull material volume from the Hull Size table Mvm is the MV modifier from the Hull Form & Configuration table Gmax is the maximum allowable accelleration in Gs Thm is the toughness of the selelected hull material Ism = Isv * Mhm where Isv is the interior structure mass in tonnes Mhm is the mass of the selected hull material Isc = Isv * Phm where Isc is the interior structure cost in MCr Phm is the price of the selected hull material The total available interior volume of a hull is given on the Hull Size table. The volume of the hull and the internal structure are subtracted from the available interior volume (both the hull and the interior structure take up space inside the vehicle). The mass of the hull and the interior structure are added to the total mass of the vehicle. The cost of the hull and the interior structure are added to the cost of the vehicle. The surface area of the hull plating is the available surface area for mounting weapons, electronics, and other components that require surface area. The length of the hull is used to determine characteristics of certain sensors, defenses, and weapon systems. Does this help clear things up? Guy "Wildstar" Garnett / wildstar@quark.qrc.com